E-mobility

Hierarchy of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles

The charging infrastructure can be defined on several levels:
  • Charging pool
    The charging pool covers all the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, which is established in a selected location, where one or more charging stations are available to users and suitable parking spaces are also available for the purpose of charging electric vehicles.
  • Charging station
    A charging station is an electrical assembly in one housing, which is permanently connected to the electrical network, with one or more charging points for electric vehicles.
  • Charging point
    Charging point is a fixed or mobile interface on or off the network for the transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle, excluding devices with an output power of less than or equal to 3.7 kW. Although it can have one or more connectorts, only one electric vehicle can be charged at a time. Each charging point also has a parking space.
  • Charging connector/plug
    The connector is part of the charging point, the interface through which the physical connection between the charging point and the electric vehicle is made and the transfer of electricity is carried out.

E-mobility stakeholders

There are several stakeholders in e-mobility that can be basically divided into:
  • Charging Point Operators – CPOs
    establish and manage the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in suitable locations and manage the charging points in technical and administrative terms through the back-end computer system. Via the back-end computer system, static and dynamic data on charging points for electric vehicles are also exchanged with the NAP portal.
  • o Mobility Service Providers – MSPs
    are in direct contact with electric vehicle users, who are provided with the mobility service at charging points for electric vehicles. They have a commercial relationship with these users (contract, application form, membership application) for the provision of electric vehicle charging services. The end user is charged for the service in accordance with the provisions of the business relationship, but the service may also be offered free of charge. They are also obliged to provide the mobility service in an ad hoc manner – without a business relationship between the end user and the mobility service provider and without the obligation to register.
  • owners of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles
    are legal or natural persons who provide funds for the establishment of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. They are also obliged to ensure a charging point operator and a mobility service provider at each charging point. Cooperation with both is based on a business relationship.
  • Owners/tenants of the land where the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is established
    are legal or natural persons who are the owners/tenants of the land on which the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is provided. They are usually also the owners/tenants of the metering point through which the electric vehicle charging infrastructure is connected to the power grid.

Main types of EV charging plugs

  • Type 1 plug (IEC 62196-1)
    has been designed for AC and single-phase connectors and charging power levels of up to 7.4 kW (230 V, 32 A). The use of this five-pin plug is widespread mainly in North America and Japan, and to a lesser extent in the EU.
  • Type 2 plug (IEC-62196-2)
    is a standardised seven-pin plug in the EU. The Type 2 plug has been designed for charging with alternating current (AC) – up to 16 A with single-phase connections and up to 63 A with three-phase connections – as well as charging with direct current (DC). It supports charging at a level from 3.7 kW to 44 kW.
  • CCS COMBO 2 plug
    is a standardised plug in the EU. It has been designed for direct current (DC) charging. It allows charging at power of up to 350 kW, but normally charging is in the range between 50 kW and 150 kW.
  • CHAdeMO / Type 4 plug
    has been designed for fast direct current (DC) charging. An outstanding feature of this plug is that it enables a two-way flow of electricity – both from the charging point to the vehicle and from the vehicle to the charging point and further to the grid ("vehicle to grid" V2G). Charging takes place with maximum power of up to 50 kW.
  • TESLA Supercharger
    has been designed for charging TESLA electric vehicles only and is a modified version of the Type 2 plug. It allows charging at maximum power of 150 kW.

Main legislation in the field of infrastructure for alternative fuels in transport

1. Act on the infrastructure for alternative fuels and the promotion of the transition to alternative fuels in transport

On May 25, 2023, the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia adopted the National Act on the Infrastructure for Alternative Fuels and the Promotion of the Transition to Alternative Fuels in Transport, which entered into force on June 21, 2023. This Act establishes the legal framework for the establishment, development, expansion and safe use of interoperable and user-friendly recharging and refuelling infrastructure for road, air and maritime transport and for three types of energy sources - electricity, hydrogen and natural gas. The Act introduces three basic levels of alternative fuels infrastructure development:

  • Strategic planning of infrastructure for alternative fuels;
  • Ensuring a long-term dedicated resource for co-financing measures to switch to alternative fuels;
  • Establishment of an executive body for the implementation of public tenders and appeals for the allocation of dedicated funds.

Act on the infrastructure for alternative fuels and the promotion of the transition to alternative fuels in transport:

http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO8771
2. Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU (AFIR)

As a part of "Fit for 55" package of legislative proposals, EU Directive 2014/94 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (AFID) was revised with the EU Regulation 2023/1804 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (AFIR). The purpose was to establish a dense and extended network of recharging and refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels in transport, with the same speed and conditions throughout the EU.

The goals were:

  • to provide a minimum recharging and refuelling infrastructure for the necessary use of alternative fuel vehicles in all modes of transport and in all member states in order to meet the EU climate goals;
  • to ensure full interoperability of recharging and refuelling infrastructure
  • to lay down common technical specifications and requirements on user information, data provision and payment requirements.

The AFIR was published in the Official Journal of the EU on 22 September 2023 and entered into force on 12 October 2023:

AFIR:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R1804

ID Registration Organisation

Mission

In Slovenia IDRO is organised as a Registration Office for ID codes at Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Energy….

Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Energy
ID Registration Organisation (IDRO)
Vesna Uršič Krulej
Langusova ulica 4
1535 Ljubljana
01/4788-200
vesna.ursic-krulej@gov.si

EU ID Registration Repository (IDRR)

EU IDRR

https://benelux-idro.eu/en/more-about/id-registration-repository-idrr